![]() ![]() Any hope of large‐scale black property ownership disappeared soon after the Civil War. The most fundamental concern of blacks through all of the changes, though, was economic survival.Īfrican Americans in the southern economy. ![]() Black ministers assumed a leadership role in the community and were among the first elected officials. The number of African‐American churches grew significantly and became social and political centers as well as houses of worship. New opportunities for higher education also became available with the founding soon after the Civil War of black colleges, such as Howard University in Washington, D.C., and Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee. Families also took advantage of the schools established by the Freedmen's Bureau and the expansion of public education, albeit segregated, under the Reconstruction legislatures. Families that had been separated before and during the Civil War were reunited, and slave marriages were formalized through legally recognized ceremonies. Reconstruction brought important social changes to former slaves.
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